المفردات

مثال: “The idea was still inchoate.”

مرادفات: incipient, early

pellucid

/pəˈluːsɪd/

مثال: “Her explanation was pellucid.”

مرادفات: clear, limpid, luculent

prevaricate

/prɪˈværɪkeɪt/

مثال: “He began to prevaricate when questioned.”

مرادفات: palter, equivocate, tergiversate

recondite

/ˈrekənˌdaɪt/

مثال: “The lecture was recondite but fascinating.”

مرادفات: esoteric, deep, abstruse

vicissitude

/vɪˈsɪsɪtuːd/

مثال: “He accepted life’s vicissitudes calmly.”

trenchant

/ˈtren tʃənt/

مثال: “She offered trenchant criticism.”

مرادفات: distinct, clear, intelligent

taciturn

/ˈtæsɪtɝːn/

مثال: “He is taciturn in public.”

مرادفات: reticent, buttoned-up, untalkative

أضداد: voluble

supercilious

/ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs/

مثال: “His supercilious tone annoyed people.”

مرادفات: snide, haughty, proud

stultify

/ˈstʌltɪfaɪ/

مثال: “Too many rules can stultify innovation.”

soliloquy

/səˈlɪləkwɪ/

مثال: “The actor delivered a powerful soliloquy.”

مرادفات: monologue

sanguine

/ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

مثال: “She is sanguine about the outcome.”

مرادفات: ruddy, optimistic, rubicund

recalcitrant

/rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/

مثال: “A recalcitrant client refused to cooperate.”

مرادفات: defiant, intractable, refractory

quixotic

/kwɪkˈsɑːtɪk/

مثال: “It was a quixotic attempt to change everything overnight.”

مرادفات: impractical, wild-eyed, romantic

proclivity

/prəˈklɪvəti/

مثال: “He has a proclivity for risk-taking.”

مرادفات: propensity, leaning

perspicacious

/ˌpɝːspɪˈkeɪʃəs/

مثال: “A perspicacious investor asked tough questions.”

مرادفات: sagacious, discerning, sapient

perfunctory

/pərˈfʌŋktəri/

مثال: “He gave a perfunctory apology.”

مرادفات: cursory, casual, careless

obfuscate

/ˈɑːbfəskeɪt/

مثال: “Don’t obfuscate—state the facts.”

أضداد: elucidate, clarify, clear up

mellifluous

/məˈlɪfluəs/

مثال: “She has a mellifluous voice.”

مرادفات: dulcet, sweet, mellisonant

laconic

/ləˈkɑːnɪk/

مثال: “His response was laconic.”

مرادفات: terse, crisp, concise

intransigent

/ɪnˈtrænzɪdʒənt/

مثال: “They remained intransigent during talks.”

مرادفات: inexorable, adamant, adamantine

interlocutor

/ˌɪntərˈlɑːkjətər/

مثال: “She listened carefully to her interlocutor.”

مرادفات: middleman, conversational partner

inscrutable

/ɪnˈskruːtəbəl/

مثال: “His expression was inscrutable.”

مرادفات: cryptic, incomprehensible, inexplicable

incorrigible

/ɪnˈkɔːrɪdʒəbəl/

مثال: “He is an incorrigible optimist.”

مرادفات: depraved, delinquent, uncontrollable

أضداد: corrigible

iconoclast

/aɪˈkɑːnəklæst/

مثال: “She is an iconoclast in her field.”

مرادفات: image breaker

harangue

/həˈræŋ/

مثال: “He launched into a harangue about discipline.”

مرادفات: rant, ranting

garrulous

/ˈɡærələs/

مثال: “A garrulous speaker filled the room.”

مرادفات: loquacious, voluble, chatty

fastidious

/fæˈstɪdiəs/

مثال: “He is fastidious about details.”

مرادفات: meticulous, dainty, exacting

أضداد: unfastidious

excoriate

/ɪkˈskɔːrieɪt/

مثال: “The press excoriated the policy.”

مرادفات: condemn, decry, objurgate

esoteric

/ˌesəˈterɪk/

مثال: “The book is full of esoteric terms.”

مرادفات: cryptic, recondite, mystical

أضداد: exoteric

equivocate

/ɪˈkwɪvəkeɪt/

مثال: “Don’t equivocate—answer directly.”

مرادفات: prevaricate, palter, tergiversate

ephemeral

/ɪˈfemərəl/

مثال: “Fame can be ephemeral.”

مرادفات: transient, transitory, fugacious

enervate

/ˈenərveɪt/

مثال: “Long meetings can enervate the team.”

مرادفات: unnerve, unsettle, faze

egregious

/ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/

مثال: “That was an egregious mistake.”

مرادفات: conspicuous, flagrant, obvious

effulgent

/ɪˈfʌldʒənt/

مثال: “The sunrise was effulgent.”

مرادفات: bright, radiant, beaming

dissemble

/dɪˈsem bəl/

مثال: “He tried to dissemble his disappointment.”

مرادفات: affect, sham, act

diaphanous

/daɪˈæfənəs/

مثال: “A diaphanous curtain covered the window.”

مرادفات: gossamer, vaporous, thin

deleterious

/ˌdelɪˈtɪriəs/

مثال: “Noise can have deleterious effects on health.”

مرادفات: harmful, noxious, injurious

contumacious

/ˌkɑːntuˈmeɪʃəs/

مثال: “He was punished for contumacious behavior.”

مرادفات: insubordinate

conundrum

/kəˈnʌndrəm/

مثال: “Funding is a conundrum for many startups.”

مرادفات: brain-teaser, enigma, riddle

conflagration

/ˌkɑːnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

مثال: “A conflagration destroyed the old building.”

مرادفات: inferno

circumspect

/ˈsɝːkəmspekt/

مثال: “Be circumspect when sharing personal data.”

مرادفات: prudent, discreet

capricious

/kəˈprɪʃəs/

مثال: “The weather here is capricious.”

مرادفات: arbitrary, whimsical, impulsive

assiduous

/əˈsɪdʒuəs/

مثال: “Her assiduous work impressed everyone.”

مرادفات: diligent, sedulous

apotheosis

/əˌpɑːθiˈoʊsɪs/

مثال: “The finale was the apotheosis of the show.”

مرادفات: paragon, exaltation, nonpareil

antediluvian

/ˌænti dɪˈluːviən/

مثال: “Their process is antediluvian.”

مرادفات: archaic, antiquated, old

ameliorate

/əˈmiːljəreɪt/

مثال: “New policies may ameliorate the situation.”

مرادفات: improve, meliorate, better

أضداد: decline, exacerbate, aggravate

alacrity

/əˈlæk rɪ ti/

مثال: “She accepted the challenge with alacrity.”

مرادفات: briskness

acrimonious

/ˌækrɪˈmoʊniəs/

مثال: “Their negotiations became acrimonious.”

مرادفات: resentful, bitter

abrogate

/ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

مثال: “The court can abrogate an unlawful regulation.”

validate

/ˈvælɪdeɪt/

مثال: “We need to validate the results.”

مرادفات: corroborate, formalize

أضداد: void, vitiate, nullify

undermine

/ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/

مثال: “Poor planning can undermine success.”

مرادفات: subvert, counteract, cave

tolerate

/ˈtɑːləreɪt/

مثال: “I won’t tolerate disrespect.”

مرادفات: abide, endure, stand

threshold

/ˈθreʃhoʊld/

مثال: “We passed the profitability threshold.”

مرادفات: verge, limen, brink

synthesis

/ˈsɪnθəsɪs/

مثال: “Write a synthesis of the main ideas.”

مرادفات: deduction, deductive reasoning, synthetic thinking

أضداد: analysis, analytic thinking

subsequent

/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/

مثال: “Subsequent updates fixed the bug.”

مرادفات: sequent, ensuant, ulterior

أضداد: preceding, antecedent

rational

/ˈræʃənl/

مثال: “Try to make a rational decision.”

مرادفات: intelligent, mental, reasonable

أضداد: irrational

prominent

/ˈprɑːmɪnənt/

مثال: “She is a prominent researcher.”

مرادفات: conspicuous, salient, obvious

profound

/prəˈfaʊnd/

مثال: “The change had a profound effect.”

مرادفات: significant, intense, fundamental

أضداد: superficial

preliminary

/prɪˈlɪmɪneri/

مثال: “These are preliminary results.”

مرادفات: overture, prelude, exploratory

precise

/prɪˈsaɪs/

مثال: “Be precise when you describe the issue.”

مرادفات: meticulous, dead, fine

أضداد: imprecise

paradigm

/ˈpærədaɪm/

مثال: “AI is changing the paradigm of work.”

مرادفات: epitome, image, prototype

optimism

/ˈɑːptɪmɪzəm/

مثال: “Her optimism kept the team motivated.”

أضداد: pessimism

notwithstanding

/ˌnɑːtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/

C1حرف جر

مثال: “Notwithstanding the cost, we proceeded.”

مرادفات: nonetheless, nevertheless, withal

notion

/ˈnoʊʃən/

مثال: “I reject the notion that success is luck.”

مرادفات: feeling, belief, impression

mitigate

/ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/

مثال: “We added safeguards to mitigate risk.”

مرادفات: palliate, extenuate

justify

/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/

مثال: “Can you justify the decision?”

مرادفات: free, absolve, vindicate

أضداد: fault, blame

fundamental

/ˌfʌndəˈmentl/

مثال: “Security is a fundamental requirement.”

مرادفات: profound, significant, cardinal

foster

/ˈfɑːstər/

مثال: “Good leaders foster trust.”

مرادفات: nurture, surrogate, further

fluctuate

/ˈflʌktʃueɪt/

مثال: “Prices fluctuate throughout the year.”

مرادفات: vacillate, waver

equivalent

/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

مثال: “There is no equivalent term in Armenian.”

مرادفات: like, same, equal

أضداد: unequal, unlike

enhance

/ɪnˈhæns/

مثال: “These changes will enhance usability.”

مرادفات: raise, heighten

endeavor

/ɪnˈdevər/

مثال: “Building a startup is a challenging endeavor.”

مرادفات: strive, endeavour, effort

encompass

/ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

مثال: “The course encompasses theory and practice.”

مرادفات: embrace, comprehend, cover

empirical

/ɛmˈpɪrɪkəl/

مثال: “We need empirical evidence.”

مرادفات: experiential, experimental, existential

أضداد: theoretical, theoretic

elaborate

/ɪˈlæbəreɪt/

مثال: “Could you elaborate on your plan?”

مرادفات: intricate, fancy, expound

distinct

/dɪˈstɪŋkt/

مثال: “They have distinct roles in the team.”

مرادفات: sharp, clear, crisp

أضداد: indistinct

diminish

/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

مثال: “Poor sleep can diminish performance.”

مرادفات: belittle, fall, decrease

أضداد: increase

deduce

/dɪˈduːs/